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The 1st Congress of the Comintern was an international gathering of communist, revolutionary socialist, and syndicalist delegates held in Moscow which established the Communist International (Comintern). The gathering, held from March 2 to 6, 1919, was attended by 51 representatives of more than two dozen countries from around Europe, North America, and Asia. ==Convention call== Late in December 1918, the leadership of the Russian Communist Party decided that the time was ripe for the convocation of a new international association of radical political parties to supplant the discredited Second International.〔Riddell (ed.), ''Founding the Communist International,'' pg. 7.〕 On December 24 a radio broadcast was made from Moscow calling upon the "communists of all countries" to "rally around the revolutionary Third International."〔Riddell (ed.), ''Founding the Communist International,'' pg. 8.〕 Lenin sought to invite only those organizations which stood for a break with the more conservative elements in their group and who stood for immediate socialist revolution and the establishment of a dictatorship of the proletariat and a Soviet-style form of government.〔 Lenin hoped for a gathering to be held beginning February 1, 1919, either openly in Berlin or, if necessary, secretly in the Netherlands.〔 Owing to political difficulties between Soviet Russia and the rather conservative social democratic government of Germany and the eruption of civil war there, Berlin was quickly rejected as inhospitable for a foundation congress.〔 On January 21, 1919, a meeting of about a dozen communists living in Moscow determined to hold a formal gathering in that city, to begin February 15 — little more than 3 weeks hence.〔Riddell (ed.), ''Founding the Communist International,'' pg. 10.〕 The formal convention call was composed by People's Commissar of War Leon Trotsky and listed invited political organizations by name.〔 Invited organizations from the English-speaking world included "the left forces in the British Socialist Party (in particular, representatives of the Maclean current)" (a reference to John Maclean), the British Socialist Labour Party, the Industrial Workers of the World in Britain, the Industrial Workers group in Britain, "revolutionary forces in the shop stewards' movement in Britain, "revolutionary forces in Irish workers organizations," and the Industrial Workers of the World in Australia.〔''Pervyi kongress Kominterna mart 1919 g.'' (The First Congress of the Comintern, March 1919). Moscow: Partiinoe izdatel'stvo, 1933, cited in Riddell (ed.), ''Founding the Communist International,'' pg. 320.〕 In addition to these, from the United States were invited the American Socialist Labor Party, "left forces of the American Socialist Party (especially the current represented by Debs and that represented by the Socialist Propaganda League)," the Industrial Workers of the World in America, and the SLP-affiliated Workers International Industrial Union.〔 Owing to communications difficulties ensuing from the Allied blockade, few organizations outside of Soviet Russia heard of the convention call in sufficient time to send delegates. About two dozen special messengers were said to have been sent out with the news, but only three or four managed to reach their destinations in time with the news.〔Riddell (ed.), ''Founding the Communist International,'' pg. 12.〕 The call was published in the press, however, in Soviet Russia on January 24, 1919, and in Austria and Hungary by the end of the month.〔 Transport difficulties forced a further postponement of the gathering, with the start date moved back two weeks to March 2, 1919.〔 Despite this additional delay only two parties managed to credential delegates and to successfully get them to Moscow on time for the opening of the meeting.〔Riddell (ed.), ''Founding the Communist International,'' pp. 12-13.〕 Two prospective delegates — Fritz Platten of Switzerland and Karl Steinhardt of Austria — were arrested and briefly jailed in transit.〔Riddell (ed.), ''Founding the Communist International,'' pp. 13-14.〕 As a result, the vast majority of those who sat as delegates to this founding congress of the Communist International had no formal status with the parties which they claimed to represent and the delegates initially decided that the session would be a preparatory conference rather than a formal foundation convention.〔Riddell (ed.), ''Founding the Communist International,'' pg. 13.〕 This initial decision was later overturned by the assembled delegates and the Third, Communist International was declared established. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1st Congress of the Comintern」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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